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健康中国；公共卫生；公共卫生院校教育；公共卫生体系；人才培养 1

健康乡村，健康扶贫，中医药 1

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Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 229-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x

摘要： The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.

关键词： healthcare personnel COVID-19 infectious diseases

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Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1333-y

摘要：

• Staff members were not colonised with MRSA.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Airborne MRSA Bioaerosols Healthcare-associated infections Healthcare worker Occupational health

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Personalized biomedical devices & systems for healthcare applications

I-Ming CHEN, Soo Jay PHEE, Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0209-z

摘要：

With the advancement in micro- and nanotechnology, electromechanical components and systems are getting smaller and smaller and gradually can be applied to the human as portable, mobile and even wearable devices. Healthcare industry have started to benefit from this technology trend by providing more and more miniature biomedical devices for personalized medical treatments in order to obtain better and more accurate outcome. This article introduces some recent development in non-intrusive and intrusive biomedical devices resulted from the advancement of niche miniature sensors and actuators, namely, wearable biomedical sensors, wearable haptic devices, and ingestible medical capsules. The development of these devices requires carful integration of knowledge and people from many different disciplines like medicine, electronics, mechanics, and design. Furthermore, designing affordable devices and systems to benefit all mankind is a great challenge ahead. The multi-disciplinary nature of the R&D effort in this area provides a new perspective for the future mechanical engineers.

关键词： personalized medical devices wearable sensor haptic device ingestible medical capsule

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中国健康服务业发展战略研究

韩德民,卢九星,李星明,李建

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 21-28 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.004

摘要：

为落实健康中国发展战略，推进中国健康服务业的发展，中国工程院于2015 年启动“中国健康服务业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目。课题自启动以来，组织了28位院士和150余位专家，对京上广深等一至三线共12个城市进行了广泛的社会调查。本文在大量社会调查的基础上，从健康服务业的概念、内涵、发展特点入手，深入分析了国内健康服务业的发展现状；以全方位、全覆盖、全过程建立健康服务保障体系为目标，对健康服务业的定位、发展思路，城乡理想模式等进行了深入探讨；并针对健康管理体系建设、养生养老、医养结合、健康保险、社会办医、金融保障等重点问题，提出了为顺应中国健康服务业发展战略顺畅实施的保障措施和相关建议。

关键词：健康服务业全民健康发展战略

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Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要： Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： Health Data Bank blockchain data assets smart contract incentive mechanism

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区域性医疗集团资源协同仿真建模和政策建议研究

胡依群,苏强,李晓雪,郑静晨

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 43-49 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.007

摘要：

为了缓解居民“看病难、看病贵”的问题，我们构建了“社区–医院”的二级医疗服务系统概念模型，并建立了患者偏好的函数模型和转诊机制，采用AnyLogic软件对系统进行建模，并以上海市嘉定区为例，通过引入实际案例数据展示了该模型如何用于探讨不同医疗合作模式和医疗改革政策，结果显示，提升基层医疗服务质量以及医保报销比例能够有效提升医疗服务系统的整体效率。

关键词：智能体仿真政策仿真医疗改革患者选择行为

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A literature review of perishable medical resource management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 710-726 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0278-9

摘要： In recent decades, healthcare providers have faced mounting pressure to effectively manage highly perishable and limited medical resources. This article offers a comprehensive review of supply chain management pertaining to such resources, which include transplantable organs and healthcare products. The review encompasses 93 publications from 1990 to 2022, illustrating a discernible upward trajectory in annual publications. The surveyed literature is categorized into three levels: Strategic, tactical, and operational. Key problem attributes and methodologies are analyzed through the assessment of pertinent publications for each problem level. Furthermore, research on service innovation, decision analytics, and supply chain resilience elucidates potential areas for future research.

关键词： perishable medical resources organ transplant healthcare products decision analytics operations management

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Exploring adoption of augmented reality smart glasses: Applications in the medical industry

Nuri BASOGLU, Muge GOKEN, Marina DABIC, Dilek OZDEMIR GUNGOR, Tugrul U. DAIM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 167-181 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018056

摘要： This study explores the use of augmented reality smart glasses (ARSGs) by physicians and their adoption of these products in the Turkish medical industry. Google Glass was used as a demonstrative example for the introduction of ARSGs. We proposed an exploratory model based on the technology acceptance model by Davis. Exogenous factors in the model were defined by performing semi-structured in-depth interviews, along with the use of an expert panel in addition to the technology adoption literature. The framework was tested by means of a field study, data was collected via an Internet survey, and path analysis was used. The results indicate that there were a number of factors to be considered in order to understand ARSG adoption by physicians. Usefulness was influenced by ease of use, compatibility, ease of reminding, and speech recognition, while ease of use was affected by ease of learning, ease of medical education, external influence, and privacy. Privacy was the only negative factor that reduced the perceived ease of use, and was found to indirectly create a negative attitude. Compatibility emerged as the most significant external factor for usefulness. Developers of ARSGs should pay attention to healthcare-specific requirements for improved utilization and more extensive adoption of ARSGs in healthcare settings. In particular, they should focus on how to increase the compatibility of ARSGs. Further research needs to be conducted to explain the adoption intention of physicians.

关键词： technology adoption augmented reality smart glasses (ARSGs) healthcare

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基于自组织神经网络的建筑市场执业资格人员信用分类研究

范志清,王雪青,李宝龙

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第9期页码 105-108

摘要：

利用自组织神经网络技术，结合建筑市场执业资格人员信用的相关特点，研究了网络中神经元个数的确定、训练步数、网络维数、获胜神经元的领域等对网络结构和执业资格人员信用划分类别的影响，给出了执业资格人员信用分类的网络构造思想和神经网络结构，并以被调查的执业资格人员为例进行了实证研究。研究结果表明，该方法简便、易行，适用于执业资格人员信用分类研究，为开展执业资格人员信用管理奠定了良好的理论方法基础。

关键词：执业资格人员信用聚类分析自组织神经网络

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中药大健康产业发展机遇与战略思考

张伯礼,张俊华,陈士林,段金廒,黄璐琦,孙晓波,屠鹏飞,叶祖光,瞿海斌,魏建和,赵大庆,徐雅娟,薛晓娟

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 16-20 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.003

摘要：

随着经济社会发展，人们对健康服务的需求快速增长。中医药是我国独具特色的健康资源，也是潜力巨大的经济资源。中医药健康服务主要包括养生、保健、医疗、康复等，但核心是以中药相关产品为主体的健康服务供给。随着中药现代化进程的推进，也促进了中药大健康产业的悄然形成，形成了涉及中药种植，产品研发、生产、流通、销售在内的跨行业、跨区域的产业链，并具有调整产业结构、增加就业、农民增收、服务医改、惠及民生及保护生态等综合优势。本文介绍了中药大健康产业发展的现状，分析存在的问题和不足，提出了一个战略中心（以服务健康需求为中心），两个战略重点（规划监管、提质增效），四个发展方向（规范种植、新品研发、商贸物流、国际发展）和六项重点任务。

关键词：大健康大健康产业中药中药现代化

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医药健康领域的国家人工智能战略发展规划比较研究

李莹莹,张建楠,顾宴菊,朱烨琳,何前锋,李兰娟

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.10.003

摘要：

本文梳理比较了 2015年以来在医药健康领域有重点布局人工智能技术发展的美国、日本、英国、印度及我国的战略规划情况。分析显示，基础建设投入和基于国情的重点领域布局是战略规划的核心内容，我国战略布局多方面仅次于美国，但相对缺乏整体规划与发展路径，建设重点有待明确，健康医疗数据基础未与人工智能应用发展形成有效衔接、复合人才结构失衡的问题未充分重视、人工智能应用的监管及制度规范亟待加强。为推动我国人工智能在医药健康领域的应用发展，建议应重视人工智能在医药健康领域发展的战略价值，以解决国家人民健康重大需求为出发点，明确数据基础设施和平台建设为优先事项，建立促进应用创新的交叉学科研究组织保障，加强监管科学研究投入。

关键词：医药健康人工智能国际比较

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我国全科医生培养现状与发展策略

刘颖,蒋国平,任菁菁

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 74-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.005

摘要：

经过近30年的不断探索和实践，我国全科医生队伍建设取得了一定的进展，初步建立了以“5+3”为主、“3+2”为辅的全科医生培养模式，但我国仍面临严重缺乏合格全科医生的情况。本文通过对我国全科医生培养现状的研究，了解到当前我国全科医生岗位缺乏吸引力，全科医生培养制度和体系不够完善，缺乏完善的过程考核机制，住培基地准入和再认证机制不完善，持续职业发展教育亟待规范。通过对国际上主要国家发展全科医生经验的回顾研究，建议我国应当切实提升全科医生待遇；以“岗位胜任力”为导向，建立完善的全科医生培训过程考核体系；统一全科医生住培基地准入条件，建立常态化基地评估认证机制；设置全科持续职业发展教育基地。

关键词：全科医生人才培养岗位胜任力

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面向可持续发展教育的工程科技人才需求特质与培养趋向研究

郭哲,徐立辉,王孙禺

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 179-188 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.016

摘要：

从《21世纪议程》到《教育2030行动框架》，国际社会不断推进可持续发展教育，对现有教育体系进行整合重塑以取得创新突破；可持续发展教育理念在引领国际工程教育改革的同时，日益成为提升工程教育质量的重要选择。本文在梳理可持续发展教育理念历史演进的基础上，分析了支撑2030年可持续发展教育的工程科技人才需求特质，从基于可持续发展教育的培养目标与关键能力新要求、国际工程联盟毕业生素质和职业能力框架解析、我国工程教育改革实践3个方面展开研究；基于可持续发展教育理念，总结了我国工程科技人才培养在培养目标定位、培养过程设计和学生考核评价等方面面临的严峻挑战。研究认为，我国面向2030年可持续发展教育的行动策略应从注重顶层设计、发挥政策协同作用，加强国际合作、整合全球优质资源，优化专业布局、发挥专业集群优势，赋能课程教学、培养优秀工程人才，强化专业认证、完善质量标准体系5个方面着手进行，以期推进契合可持续发展目标的工程科技人才培养质量持续提升。

关键词：可持续发展教育工程科技人才需求特质毕业生素质和专业能力框架工程教育

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Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7

摘要： The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, changes in insulin levels, and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence. Many factors including demographic data (such as age, height, weight, and gender), medical history (such as smoking, drinking, and menopause), and examination (such as bone mineral density, blood routine, and urine routine) may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes. However, most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans. In addition, the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously. In this paper, a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis, and investigate the effect of patients’ physiological factors on fracture risk. A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model. The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness. Moreover, the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

关键词： XGBoost deep neural network healthcare risk prediction

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全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系研究

刘晓云,常春,侯建林,杨健,田传胜,纪颖,胡丹,孟庆跃,王陇德

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 50-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.008

摘要：

我国医药卫生体制改革取得重大进展，但在全民健康教育、卫生人才培养及卫生法律体系建设等方面仍存在巨大挑战。本文总结国内外已有经验，分析我国全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系现状和面临的挑战，提出了完善全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系的政策建议：构建全民健康教育体系，加强全民健康教育的强制性；根据社会需求培养适宜卫生人才，加强全科医生培养，提高基层医疗卫生服务水平和可及性；尽快推动医药卫生“母法”的出台，并对现行医药卫生相关的法律、规章和规范性文件进行梳理和修订。

关键词：全民健康健康教育医学教育卫生法律